Well, this looks bad, but you already did the right steps in creating your dd_rescue clone copy!
Please try testdisk on the mounted image on your PC and try to restore /home and /home/opt just to be sure to some save space to look for your data[dot-directories, mails, contacts etc.). You would mount it with (Is this a sudo or a su linux setup? Please add the necessary steps to become root.), but i never opened an image which contains more than one partition Word of caution: Do not save anything from the Maemo /home to your PC's /home/YOU because it might mess things up, who knows!?)

There might be a chance to recover the phone to its former state, but this seems to be risky and you should have good knowledge about how it was setup before to achieve it again.
Do you remember which Nitdroid-Install-HowTo you followed, if any? Did Nitdroid work for some time fine parrallel to Maemo? Do you remember how the emmc-setup should look? Did you at some time change the partition scheme of the emmc to customize the storage?
Testdisk has no time-line, so it finds more than one setup, if it was re-partitioned before.