I'm not really comfortable with this since the whole idea of moving to Sailfish is to keep the own privacy... but in this case I will do it anyway to help to find a solution. Since I am not familiar with linux I am not sure which information might be sensitive in this huge amount of output. I deleted some lines - please tell me immediately if I overlooked something.

So I entered "dmesg | tail", inserted the 128GB card and entered "dmesg". Attached you will find the result.

I very much appreciate the help of the community. But because I'm drowning in work this will be my last post for the next days - but I am eagerly watching the search for a solution... Thank you all!