Install rootsh. This will give you the ability to edit files as root. (You must be very careful when do edit anything as root - you could break things especially if you don't actually understand what you're doing, but then it's the only way to learn )
Install a text editor (e.g. leafpad, nano, vim, depending on your familiarity. If you want a basic Notepad clone, go for leafpad).
Once leafpad is installed, from terminal you can type
Code:
leafpad /path/to/file
to edit the file (if you have the correct permissions)
or
Code:
rootsh leafpad /path/to/file
If you don't have the necessary permissions (i.e. if it's a file like wpa_supplication.conf)
Option 2: Do it through emelfm2
emelfm2 is a rather cluttered file manager, but it also has the ability to edit text files.
It might take a bit of playing around with it before you can find the edit option - it's hidden in a green drop-down arrow at either the centre or the right side of the screen depending on whether you're in single or double pane view.
In order to edit a file as root you'd still need to launch it with
Code:
rootsh emelfm2
Be careful when doing this - running emelfm2 as root will give you the right to delete pretty much anything.
Option 3: Install WinSCP - probably not a viable solution for you yet, since you can't connect to your own wireless network.